Correct Answer: james watson and francis crick.
the discovery of the double helix structure of dna is credited to james watson and francis crick. this seminal discovery was detailed in their scientific paper published in the journal nature in 1953. their research revealed the double helix structure as the physical and functional form of dna, laying the foundational framework for modern molecular biology and genetics.
james watson and francis crick, along with maurice wilkins, were awarded the nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1962 for their contributions to the discovery of the molecular structure of dna. however, the award and historical recognition have been subjects of controversy due to the contribution of rosalind franklin, a skilled x-ray crystallographer whose work was pivotal in understanding the structure of dna.
rosalind franklin's x-ray diffraction images of dna, notably the "photo 51", were critical in deducing the double helix structure. unfortunately, franklin was not recognized with the nobel prize alongside watson, crick, and wilkins, partly because she had passed away by the time the prize was awarded in 1962 (the nobel prize is not awarded posthumously). furthermore, during her lifetime, her crucial contribution was not adequately acknowledged, and it was only much later that the scientific community and the wider public recognized her significant role in this groundbreaking discovery.
the oversight of rosalind franklin's contribution highlights issues of gender bias and the undervaluation of collaborative efforts in scientific discoveries. it also serves as a reminder of the importance of recognizing all contributors in scientific achievements. watson and crick's discovery of the double helix structure of dna, while a monumental milestone in science, is also a case study in the complexities of scientific collaboration, recognition, and the recording of history.
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