Correct Answer: genghis kahn.
the mongol empire, one of the largest contiguous empires in the history of the world, was founded by genghis kahn, also known as genghis khan. born as temujin, he united the mongol tribes under his leadership through a combination of formidable military campaigns and shrewd diplomatic alliances. in 1206, after securing control over many of the nomadic tribes of northeast asia, he was declared "genghis khan," which translates to "universal ruler." his ability to organize his warriors and his innovative strategies in warfare led to the rapid expansion of the mongol empire.
the other historical figures mentioned - mahatma gandhi, joseph stalin, and adolph hitler - played significant roles in different contexts and periods. mahatma gandhi, known for his philosophy of non-violence, was a key figure in the indian independence movement against british rule in the early to mid-20th century. unlike genghis khan, gandhi's approach was fundamentally centered on peace and civil disobedience.
joseph stalin, on the other hand, was the dictator of the soviet union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. his rule was marked by rapid industrialization, the collectivization of agriculture, and political repression, including purges and show trials that consolidated his power but led to tremendous suffering and loss of life.
adolph hitler was the chancellor of germany from 1933, and later the führer from 1934 until his death in 1945. he led nazi germany, initiating world war ii and enacting the holocaust, during which six million jews and other minorities were systematically murdered. his leadership, based on totalitarian and fascist ideologies, marked one of the darkest chapters in modern history.
in summary, while genghis khan founded the mongol empire through military conquests and strategic alliances, the other figures mentioned - gandhi, stalin, and hitler - each shaped the 20th century in different, profound ways through their respective leadership roles and ideologies.
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