Correct Answer: grapefruit juice the correct answer to the question is grapefruit juice.
grapefruit juice can interact significantly with certain medications, including cardizem (diltiazem), which is a calcium channel blocker used primarily to treat hypertension and angina. this interaction is particularly concerning because grapefruit juice inhibits the action of cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) enzymes found in the small intestine. these enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of many drugs, including diltiazem.
when grapefruit juice is consumed, it decreases the activity of cyp3a4 enzymes, leading to higher concentrations of the drug entering the bloodstream than normal. as a result, the effect of diltiazem is intensified, which can increase the risk of drug toxicity. the heightened drug levels can lead to various adverse effects such as severe hypotension (low blood pressure), bradycardia (slow heart rate), heart failure, dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and potentially angina (chest pain).
therefore, patients taking cardizem or other calcium channel blockers are generally advised to avoid consuming grapefruit juice to prevent these potential hazardous interactions and maintain the efficacy and safety of their prescribed medication regimen.
other options listed, such as milk, seafood, and tomato juice, do not share the same level of interaction with diltiazem as grapefruit juice. thus, they do not pose the same risks concerning the alteration of drug metabolism and potential for increased toxicity. however, it is always advisable for patients to consult with their healthcare provider about their diet and potential food interactions when taking any new medication.
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