Correct Answer: petechiae
when a tourniquet is applied incorrectly, particularly if it is too tight, it can lead to several complications, one of which includes the appearance of petechiae. petechiae are tiny red or purple spots on the skin, which are typically a result of minor hemorrhages (bleeding) from broken capillaries. these spots, which are pinpoint-sized flat patches, occur when blood leaks from the small blood vessels in the skin into the surrounding tissues.
petechiae are distinctly different from other similar skin marks, such as purpura and ecchymosis, primarily in size. they are much smaller than bruises and do not change color when you press on them. the primary cause of petechiae formation under a tourniquet is the excessive pressure that disrupts the capillaries directly under the skin where the tourniquet is applied.
besides causing petechiae, improper tourniquet application can also result in other complications such as hemoconcentration and hemolysis. hemoconcentration occurs when the blood plasma volume decreases, usually because of prolonged application of the tourniquet, leading to artificially high readings of certain test results, such as hematocrit and protein levels. hemolysis, on the other hand, involves the rupture of red blood cells, releasing their contents into the plasma and potentially leading to inaccurate laboratory results.
while the question specifically addresses the formation of petechiae, understanding all potential risks associated with improper tourniquet use is crucial for healthcare professionals. this ensures the avoidance of complications and promotes the accuracy of diagnostic tests. thus, correct tourniquet technique is vital, including applying the right amount of pressure and limiting the time of application to typically less than one minute, to mitigate these risks.
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