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Correct Answer: torts.
the term "torts" refers to a category of civil law that addresses situations in which a person's behavior has unfairly caused someone else to suffer loss or harm. a tort is essentially an act or omission that gives rise to injury or harm to another and amounts to a civil wrong for which courts impose liability. in the context of the law, "civil" means that the wrong is a private dispute between individuals or organizations, rather than a criminal wrong which involves an action considered harmful to society as a whole.
in contrast to criminal law, which seeks to punish the wrongdoer and deter future criminal acts, the primary purpose of tort law is to provide relief to the injured party and to deter others from committing similar harms. tort law allows the injured person to recover money, known as damages, from the person who is responsible for the harm.
torts can be classified into three main categories: intentional torts, negligent torts, and strict liability torts. intentional torts occur when a person deliberately causes harm or loss to another, such as in cases of assault, battery, or defamation. negligent torts, the most common type, occur when a person fails to act with the level of care that someone of ordinary prudence would have exercised under the same circumstances, leading to unintended harm, as seen in many car accidents or medical malpractice cases. strict liability torts hold a defendant liable for committing an action, regardless of what their intent or mental state was at the time, typically in cases involving abnormally dangerous activities or defective products.
the concept of torts is vital in understanding how the law functions to maintain social order and protect individual rights. by holding individuals and entities accountable for the effects of their actions, tort law helps to ensure that victims receive compensation for their injuries and losses, and it promotes a safer, more responsible society. in summary, when the question identifies "civil wrongs committed toward a person or toward his or her property," the correct answer is indeed "torts," which encapsulates this broad array of legal issues under civil law.
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