Correct Answer: dental fluorosis. mottled enamel, also known as dental fluorosis, is a condition that affects the enamel of the teeth. it is caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during the years when the teeth are developing, typically from birth to about eight years of age. the critical period of exposure is when the permanent teeth are forming under the gums.
the appearance of dental fluorosis can range from mild to severe, depending on the level of fluoride exposure. in its mild form, fluorosis may appear as tiny white streaks or specks that are barely noticeable. however, in more severe cases, the teeth can have rough, pitted surfaces with brown stains, and the whiteness can become more pronounced. this severe discoloration and textural change is what is specifically referred to as mottled enamel.
fluoride is beneficial in small amounts, helping to prevent tooth decay by making the tooth enamel more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. however, excessive fluoride can have detrimental effects. the fluoride intake that leads to fluorosis can come from several sources, including high fluoride levels in drinking water, swallowing fluoride toothpaste, or the excessive use of fluoride supplements and treatments.
preventing dental fluorosis is primarily about controlling the intake of fluoride in young children. this includes monitoring the use of fluoride-containing dental products and ensuring that the water consumed does not exceed recommended fluoride levels. it is also important for healthcare providers to assess the total amount of fluoride exposure from all sources before prescribing fluoride supplements or treatments.
treatment for dental fluorosis depends on the severity of the condition. mild cases might not require any treatment, while more severe cases could benefit from cosmetic dental procedures such as teeth whitening, dental bonding, veneers, or crowns to improve the appearance and surface of the teeth.
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