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Correct Answer: hydronephrosis
the correct answer is hydronephrosis. urinary stones, also known as renal calculi or nephrolithiasis, can lead to several complications, one of which is hydronephrosis. this condition arises when a stone obstructs the flow of urine, leading to a backup of urine in the urinary tract.
hydronephrosis is characterized by the dilation or swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces, which are parts of the kidney where urine collects before moving towards the bladder. the obstruction caused by the stone prevents urine from flowing normally through the urinary tract, causing pressure to build up behind the site of obstruction. this increased pressure can lead to the distention and potential damage of the delicate kidney structures.
the presence of urinary stones can cause symptoms like severe pain, known as renal colic, blood in the urine, and recurrent infections. if the obstruction remains unresolved, it can lead to more severe consequences such as decreased kidney function or even kidney failure over time. therefore, prompt diagnosis and management of urinary stones and hydronephrosis are crucial to prevent long-term damage to the kidneys.
another complication associated with urinary stones is urinary stasis. this condition occurs when urine does not flow normally through the urinary tract, leading to stagnation. urinary stasis increases the risk of urinary tract infections and the formation of further urinary stones, exacerbating the problem.
in conclusion, while urinary stones might initially seem like a simple condition, they can lead to serious complications such as hydronephrosis and urinary stasis. understanding these potential outcomes helps in the prompt and effective management of the condition, thereby reducing the risk of permanent kidney damage.
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