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Correct Answer: intravenous pyelogram
when caring for clients with renal calculi on a renal unit, a professional nurse must be knowledgeable about the various treatment and diagnostic options available. renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, can be managed through a variety of medical interventions depending on the size, type, and location of the stones.
in the context of the given question, the correct answer is intravenous pyelogram. an intravenous pyelogram (ivp) is a diagnostic imaging test used to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. this test involves the injection of a contrast dye into the bloodstream, which is then filtered by the kidneys and helps highlight any abnormalities in the urinary tract, including the presence of kidney stones. while an ivp is crucial in the diagnosis and planning for the management of renal calculi, it is not a treatment method.
on the other hand, the other options listed—percutaneous lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and pyelolithotomy—are indeed treatment methods for renal calculi. percutaneous lithotripsy involves the insertion of a nephroscope through the skin into the kidney to directly break up and remove the stones. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) uses shock waves generated outside the body to break stones into smaller pieces that can be passed through the urine. pyelolithotomy is a surgical procedure where an incision is made in the kidney to remove the stones directly.
additional treatment options not listed in the question but relevant to the management of kidney stones include ureterolithotomy (removal of stones from the ureter), nephrolithotomy (incision into the kidney to remove stones), and in extreme cases, partial or total nephrectomy (removal of part or all of a kidney). these methods are considered when less invasive treatments are ineffective or inappropriate.
understanding the distinction between diagnostic procedures like the intravenous pyelogram and treatment approaches is essential for effective clinical practice in nephrology. this knowledge ensures that patients receive accurate diagnoses followed by appropriate therapeutic interventions tailored to their specific clinical scenarios.
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