Topic Breakdown of Oman Medical Specialty Board Midwifery Exam

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Oman Medical Specialty Board Midwifery Sample Test

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Neural tube defects involve disorders of the cranium, spine, and nervous system that occur when the neural tube fails to close. Which of the following supplements would you recommend for a woman who is trying to get pregnant that has the ability to reduce this birth defect by about 50%?

Correct Answer:

folic acid
folic acid, a form of vitamin b9, is crucial for the proper development of the human body, particularly in the development of the neural tube in embryos. the neural tube forms early in pregnancy and eventually becomes the baby's brain, spinal cord, and the bones that encase them. neural tube defects (ntds) such as spina bifida and anencephaly occur when the neural tube does not close completely, leading to significant disabilities or even death shortly after birth.

the recommendation of folic acid supplementation is based on extensive research that has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the risk of neural tube defects by up to 50%. this preventive measure is so critical that health organizations worldwide, including the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the world health organization (who), advocate for the intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy.

for women of childbearing age, especially those planning to conceive, it is recommended to take a daily supplement containing 0.4 mg (400 micrograms) of folic acid. this dosage may increase to 0.6 mg (600 micrograms) during pregnancy. folic acid is also included in many multivitamin supplements designed for women. ensuring adequate intake before and during the early stages of pregnancy is essential because the neural tube develops within the first 28 days after conception, often before many women realize they are pregnant.

the inclusion of folic acid in the diet can also be increased through the consumption of fortified foods. many countries have mandated the fortification of certain grain products with folic acid—such as breads, cereals, flours, and pastas—to help prevent neural tube defects in the population. natural food sources of folate (the natural form of folic acid found in foods) include leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, and peas, although it's challenging to achieve the necessary level through diet alone for the specific purpose of ntd prevention.

in conclusion, folic acid is an essential supplement for women trying to conceive and during early pregnancy to significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. this proactive health measure is simple yet highly effective and is a critical component of pre-pregnancy care to ensure the development of a healthy baby.