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SLE Family Medicine (SLE-FNP) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge


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SLE SLE-FNP Practice Test Features

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SLE Family Medicine Sample Test

1 of 5

Which of the following is a type of passive immunity?

Correct Answer:
defense against disease acquired by the infant from the mother


the correct answer to the question regarding a type of passive immunity is: "defense against disease acquired by the infant from the mother." this type of immunity is categorized as passive because the infant receives it without having to generate an immune response.

passive immunity refers to the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. in the context of a mother and her infant, this immunity is primarily provided through two main routes: transplacental transfer (from mother to fetus during pregnancy) and through breast milk (post-birth).

during pregnancy, immunoglobulins (specifically igg) are transferred from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream through the placenta. this process begins as early as the second trimester and plays a crucial role in protecting the newborn against infections during the initial months of life, when the baby’s own immune system is still developing.

furthermore, after birth, the breast milk provides additional protective antibodies, predominantly iga, which play a significant role in safeguarding the infant's gastrointestinal tract from pathogens. this antibody does not enter the bloodstream but works locally to protect the mucosal surfaces from infectious agents.

in contrast, the other answer choices describe situations that pertain to active immunity, where the immune system is directly involved in producing antibodies in response to exposure to an antigen. for example, "resistance developed in response to an antigen" and "immunity acquired when the host receives antigens through natural contact" both involve the body's active immunological response to foreign substances, leading to the development of memory cells and long-term immunity. "invasion of the body by microorganisms and subsequent development of antibodies" also illustrates an active immune response where the body detects pathogens and produces specific antibodies to fight them.

thus, the only option that correctly exemplifies passive immunity, where immunity is conferred to an individual without their immune system actively producing antibodies, is the transfer of defense mechanisms from the mother to the infant, either via the placenta or through breastfeeding. this type of immunity is crucial for protecting the infant until their own immune system becomes fully functional.
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