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Correct Answer: stage ii
the correct answer to the question regarding the adult female patient with diabetes whose blood pressure is 145/95 mmhg is stage ii hypertension. to understand why this classification is appropriate, it's essential to delve into the categorization of hypertension as defined by medical guidelines.
hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is classified into various stages based on the blood pressure readings: normal, elevated, stage i hypertension, and stage ii hypertension. normal blood pressure is a systolic reading below 120 mmhg and a diastolic reading below 80 mmhg. elevated blood pressure is when the systolic number is between 120-129 mmhg, and the diastolic number is less than 80 mmhg.
stage i hypertension is defined by a systolic blood pressure ranging from 130 to 139 mmhg or a diastolic pressure from 80 to 89 mmhg. on the other hand, stage ii hypertension, which is applicable in this patient's case, is characterized by a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmhg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmhg or higher. given that the patient's readings are 145/95 mmhg, this squarely places her in the stage ii hypertension category.
management of hypertension, especially in patients with diabetes, is crucial due to the increased risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases associated with both conditions. for individuals with stage ii hypertension and diabetes, the treatment typically includes a combination of lifestyle modifications (such as diet, exercise, and weight management) and pharmacotherapy. medications often recommended include thiazide diuretics, ace inhibitors, or angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs). ace inhibitors and arbs are particularly favored for diabetic patients due to their renal protective effects, which are vital in preventing diabetes-related kidney damage.
in summary, the patient's blood pressure reading of 145/95 mmhg meets the criteria for stage ii hypertension. this stage of high blood pressure necessitates careful management to mitigate the risk of further health complications, particularly in the presence of diabetes. treatment strategies typically involve a combination of lifestyle interventions and specific medications that not only control blood pressure but also offer protection against kidney damage, a common complication in diabetic patients.
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