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Correct Answer: long neck.
down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21, is associated with a range of distinct physical characteristics, developmental delays, and medical issues. the ccrn (critical care registered nurse) or any health professional working with children with down syndrome should be familiar with these features to provide appropriate care and support.
typical physical characteristics of children with down syndrome include a flat, broad nasal bridge, which contributes to the facial appearance commonly associated with the condition. inner epicanthal folds, which are the skin folds of the upper eyelid that cover the inner corners of the eyes, are also characteristic. these folds give the eyes an upward and outward slant, another recognizable feature of down syndrome. additionally, children with down syndrome might exhibit a shorter neck, which is contrary to the option stating a "long neck." this shorter neck is part of the general physical phenotype typically observed in these individuals.
other common physical characteristics include a protruding tongue, often due to a smaller oral cavity and hypotonia (low muscle tone), and a single transverse palmar crease, also known as a simian crease. this crease is a single line that runs across the palm of the hand, which can be present on one or both hands. children with down syndrome may also have hyperextensible and lax joints, adding to the range of motion but sometimes contributing to joint instability and issues with motor skills.
the correct answer to the question, therefore, is "long neck." this is not a typical characteristic of down syndrome. instead, a short neck is commonly observed. recognizing the incorrect characteristic in the context of down syndrome is important for accurate clinical assessment and understanding, which aids in the provision of tailored and knowledgeable care. understanding these physical traits can also assist in early diagnosis and intervention, which are crucial for the optimal development and health of the child.
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