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Correct Answer: allopurinol
gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, often the base of the big toe. the condition is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which crystallizes and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues.
to prevent future attacks of gout, long-term medications are often recommended. the most commonly used drug for preventing gout attacks and reducing uric acid levels is allopurinol. allopurinol works by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in the production of uric acid. by reducing the production of uric acid, allopurinol can help prevent the formation of urate crystals, thereby minimizing the risk of gout flare-ups.
in addition to allopurinol, lifestyle changes are also important in managing gout. these include weight reduction if the patient is overweight, as obesity is a risk factor for developing gout. limiting intake of alcohol, especially beer and liquors, and avoiding foods high in purines can also help manage uric acid levels. high-purine foods include red meats, organ meats, and some seafood, which should be eaten in moderation or avoided.
other medications listed, such as aspirin, colchicine, and corticosteroids, play different roles in the management of gout. aspirin at low doses can actually increase uric acid levels and is not used for prevention of gout attacks. colchicine is typically used to treat acute gout attacks rather than for long-term prevention. corticosteroids can be used to control inflammation and pain during acute gout episodes but are not typically used for long-term prevention of gout.
therefore, for the prevention of future attacks of gout, allopurinol is the most appropriate choice among the options given. it is effective, well-tolerated by most patients, and helps in maintaining lower uric acid levels, thus reducing the frequency of gout attacks.
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