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Correct Answer: increase glucose uptake into the muscle and fat
in the treatment of diabetes, especially in older adults, a gerontological nurse might choose to prescribe medications such as pioglitazone (actos) or rosiglitazone (avandia). these medications belong to a class of drugs known as thiazolidinediones. it's essential for the nurse to understand the primary action and implications of these drugs to manage the patient effectively.
the primary mechanism by which pioglitazone and rosiglitazone work is by increasing glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells. this action helps to lower blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. thiazolidinediones are also known as insulin sensitizers. they improve the sensitivity of muscle and fat tissues to insulin, which is essential for the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into cells where it can be used for energy. thus, these medications help in managing hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by enhancing the effectiveness of the insulin that the body still produces.
it is crucial to differentiate the action of thiazolidinediones from other diabetic medications that operate differently. for instance, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates in the intestine, thus reducing the rate at which glucose is absorbed and preventing a spike in blood glucose levels post meals. metformin, another commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug, primarily decreases hepatic glucose production, thereby reducing fasting glucose levels. on the other hand, oral sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.
the understanding of these mechanisms is vital for a gerontological nurse in planning and adjusting treatment regimens that are tailored to the needs and conditions of elderly diabetic patients. this ensures that the chosen medications not only address the specific aspects of the disease but also accommodate the physiological changes associated with aging, thereby optimizing safety and efficacy.
furthermore, while managing a diabetic patient on thiazolidinediones, the nurse should monitor for potential side effects such as weight gain, edema, and an increased risk of heart failure. regular follow-ups and comprehensive assessments help in timely identification and management of any adverse effects, ensuring an overall effective strategy in the treatment of diabetes in geriatric patients.
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