Correct Answer: phlebotomy
phlebotomy, correctly identified as the process of obtaining a blood sample from a vein using a needle attached to a syringe, is a common medical procedure performed in various healthcare settings. this technique, also known as venipuncture, involves inserting a needle into a vein, typically located on the inner part of the elbow or the back of the hand. the purpose of phlebotomy is often diagnostic, used to collect blood for laboratory testing to evaluate different health conditions, check for diseases, or monitor medical treatments.
the term "phlebotomy" originates from greek words 'phlebo-', meaning 'vein', and '-tomy', meaning 'cutting'. this reflects the historical practice where veins were sometimes literally cut to draw blood. modern phlebotomy, however, is a highly refined and safe procedure, requiring specialized training to ensure it is performed efficiently, safely, and with minimal discomfort to the patient.
during a phlebotomy procedure, the phlebotomist or healthcare professional first applies a tourniquet around the upper arm to increase venous pressure, making the veins more visible and palpable. the site is then cleaned with an antiseptic to prevent infection. a sterile needle is then carefully inserted into the vein, and blood is drawn into an attached syringe or a vacuum-sealed tube, depending on the equipment used. after the required amount of blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the site to stop any bleeding, followed by bandaging to keep the area clean.
in addition to its diagnostic purposes, phlebotomy is also used therapeutically in treatments like therapeutic phlebotomy, where blood is drawn to reduce the volume of red cells or iron in patients with conditions like hemochromatosis or polycythemia vera. this highlights the dual role of phlebotomy in both assessing and managing various health conditions.
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