Correct Answer: behaviors are reinforced.
the primary distinction between classical and operant conditioning lies in the mechanism by which behaviors are learned and reinforced. in classical conditioning, an automatic conditioned response is paired with a neutral stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the response. this type of conditioning focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors and does not involve reinforcement after the behavior.
operant conditioning, on the other hand, hinges on the concept of reinforcement. it involves a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. for example, if a behavior is followed by a reward, it becomes more likely that the behavior will be repeated. conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment, it becomes less likely that the behavior will be repeated.
behaviorism, as a broader field, encompasses both classical and operant conditioning but applies them in different ways. behaviorists believe that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment, and thus, can be changed or molded by altering external stimuli. this theory has been particularly influential in educational theory, where operant conditioning plays a critical role. teachers use reinforcement techniques to encourage good behavior and learning, such as giving praise or rewards when students perform well, or applying negative consequences when rules are broken.
in summary, the key difference between classical and operant conditioning is the role of reinforcement. classical conditioning relies on pairing stimuli to elicit responses, while operant conditioning modifies behavior through the use of consequences, specifically reinforcements and punishments. this makes operant conditioning a more dynamic and proactive approach to influencing behavior compared to classical conditioning.
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