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Correct Answer: sunken.
the question asks which term describes a type of relief where the backgrounds are not cut back, and the highest points of relief are at the same level as the original surface of the material. to understand this, it is important to first clarify the different types of relief in sculptural art. relief sculpture is a process where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
the answer choices given are "sunken," "low," "high," and "sculptured." each of these terms refers to a specific style or technique of relief sculpture:
1. **sunken relief**: also known as "intaglio" or "hollow relief," sunken relief is a technique in which the design is carved into the surface of the material. instead of being carved out from the background, the pattern itself is cut into the material, making the background the highest point of the sculpted area. this means the material around the figures remains at the original surface level, and the figures themselves are set below it.
2. **low relief (bas-relief)**: in low relief, the sculpted elements only slightly stand out from the background, generally not more than half their depth. this style is often used for the subtlety it allows in the play of light and shadows.
3. **high relief**: high relief involves deeply carved areas and often parts of the figure may be fully or almost fully in the round, projecting off the background significantly. high relief allows for more depth and a more dramatic visual effect than low relief.
4. **sculptured relief**: this term is more generic and can refer to any sculptural form that uses the technique of relief, including both high and low relief. it doesn’t specify the technique or depth of the relief.
given the description in the question, where the points in highest relief are level with the original surface of the material, the correct term is "sunken relief." in this form, the background is not cut back; rather, the figures or patterns are carved into the material itself, making them lower than the original surface level around them. thus, the answer is "sunken."
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