Correct Answer: both a and b.
the inuit people, indigenous to the arctic regions of north america, traditionally engage in hunting and fishing as primary means of subsistence. this lifestyle choice is primarily dictated by the harsh environmental conditions characteristic of the arctic and subarctic climates where they reside. these regions are marked by extremely cold temperatures, frozen landscapes, and long winters, conditions that are generally unsuitable for agricultural practices.
given the scarcity of cultivatable land and the brief growing seasons, the inuit have historically relied on the rich natural resources available in their immediate environment. hunting marine and land animals such as seals, whales, caribou, and polar bears provides not only food but also materials for clothing, tools, and shelter. the importance of these animals in inuit culture and economy cannot be overstated; they are integral to their way of life.
fishing also plays a crucial role in the inuit diet and culture. the icy waters surrounding their communities are abundant with various species of fish and other marine life, providing an essential source of protein and nutrients. techniques and tools for ice fishing have been refined over generations, demonstrating a deep understanding of the environment and its ecosystems.
the choices available in the initial question point to various subsistence strategies, but for the inuit, farming has never been a viable option due to the environmental constraints. thus, when considering the traditional lifestyle of the inuit, the correct answer to whether they have been hunters, fishermen, or farmers is indeed "both a and b" (hunters and fishermen), reflecting their adaptation to and mastery of the challenging arctic conditions.
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