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ILTS Science Chemistry Sample Test

1 of 5

In a chemical reaction, hydrogen is added to sulfate to form sulfuric acid in small quantities. Which of the following statements correctly describes how sulfuric acid is formed?

Correct Answer:

two hydrogen ions must join each molecule of sulfate for sulfuric acid to be formed.

the formation of sulfuric acid from sulfate involves the addition of hydrogen ions to the sulfate ion. sulfuric acid, chemically represented as h2so4, consists of two components: the sulfate ion (so4^2-) and hydrogen ions (h+). the sulfate ion carries a charge of -2, indicating a deficit of two positive charges.

to form sulfuric acid, this imbalance in the electrical charge must be corrected by adding hydrogen ions, which each carry a positive charge (+1). by adding two hydrogen ions to one sulfate ion, the charges balance out, resulting in the neutral compound h2so4. therefore, the reaction can be summarized as follows: so4^2- + 2h+ -> h2so4. this reaction demonstrates that two hydrogen ions must join each molecule of sulfate to form sulfuric acid.

the statement that "two hydrogen ions must join each molecule of sulfate for sulfuric acid to be formed" is correct because it accurately reflects the stoichiometry and charge balancing required in the formation of sulfuric acid. adding one hydrogen ion or more than two would either result in an incomplete reaction or different compounds, not sulfuric acid. additionally, the idea that sulfuric acid cannot be formed merely by adding hydrogen ions to sulfate is incorrect because, as explained, the addition of exactly two hydrogen ions is precisely how sulfuric acid is synthesized in this context.

furthermore, any assertion suggesting that three hydrogen ions need to join with a sulfate molecule would result in an incorrect formula (h3so4), which does not correspond to any known stable chemical compound under normal conditions. thus, the correct and most straightforward understanding of the formation of sulfuric acid involves the addition of two hydrogen ions to a sulfate ion, resulting in the well-known and widely used chemical compound, h2so4, or sulfuric acid.