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MCA Middle School Education Science Sample Test

1 of 5

The ribosome (labeled # 3 in the diagram) is defined as:

Correct Answer:

“protein factory” of the cell

the ribosome, identified as #3 in the diagram, is correctly described as the "protein factory" of the cell. this designation is due to the primary function of ribosomes, which is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger rna (mrna) into polypeptide chains. these proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including repairing damage or directing chemical processes.

ribosomes can be found either floating freely within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is called the rough er due to the ribosomes studding its surface. the association with the endoplasmic reticulum signifies their involvement in producing proteins that are either secreted from the cell or integrated into the cell membrane.

in contrast to ribosomes, other organelles within the cell have different specialized functions. the nucleus, labeled #2, is termed the "brain" of the cell, as it controls cell growth and reproduction by regulating gene expression and maintaining the genetic material of the cell in the form of dna. the centriole, labeled #12, assists in cell division and helps in the formation of the spindle fibers that segregate chromosomes during mitosis. lastly, the mitochondrion, labeled #9, is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (atp), used as a source of chemical energy.

understanding the distinct roles of these organelles highlights the complexity and specialization of cellular structures, enabling the cell to function efficiently and respond to environmental changes. each component, from ribosomes to mitochondria, plays a critical role in the life of the cell, underpinning the broader functionality necessary for the survival and growth of the organism.