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Correct Answer: discrepancy model.
the discrepancy model is a framework used in educational psychology to assess the relationship between a student's intelligence and their academic performance. this model primarily focuses on identifying a significant gap or discrepancy between a student's intellectual capabilities, typically measured through iq tests, and their actual academic achievements, often reflected through grades or standardized test scores. if there is a substantial difference where a student's academic performance is notably lower than expected based on their intelligence, it may suggest learning disabilities or other educational barriers.
the underlying assumption of the discrepancy model is that intelligence should be a predictor of academic success; thus, when a student with a normal or above-average iq score performs poorly in school, this discrepancy can indicate specific learning disabilities like dyslexia or dyscalculia. this model has been widely used to qualify students for special education services, under the assumption that these students need additional support to bridge the gap between their intellectual potential and their academic output.
however, the discrepancy model has faced criticism and scrutiny over the years. critics argue that it relies too heavily on iq scores, which may not fully capture a child's intelligence or learning potential. furthermore, the model does not account for other factors that can influence academic performance, such as socio-economic status, teaching quality, or emotional and psychological well-being.
in response to some of these limitations, alternative approaches like response to intervention (rti) have been developed. rti is a multi-tier approach that aims to identify and support students with learning and behavior needs early on. it focuses on providing high-quality instruction and interventions tailored to individual student needs, which are monitored over time for effectiveness. rti contrasts with the discrepancy model by emphasizing intervention before a significant academic failure occurs, rather than diagnosing a disability based on the discrepancy between expected and actual performance.
in summary, while the discrepancy model offers a method to compare a student’s intelligence with their academic success to identify potential learning disabilities, it has limitations that have led to the exploration and adoption of alternative models like rti, which prioritize early intervention and continuous monitoring of student progress.
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