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MTTC Physical Science (097) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge

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MTTC Physical Science Sample Test

1 of 5

When high energy alpha-particles pass through nitrogen gas an isotope of oxygen is formed with the emission of particle X . The reaction is ¹⁴₇N+⁴₂He→¹⁷₈O+ X . What is particle X?

Correct Answer:

a proton

the question involves a nuclear reaction where high energy alpha-particles (which are helium nuclei, $ ^4_2he $) are used to bombard nitrogen gas, specifically nitrogen-14 ( $ ^{14}_7n $). during this interaction, an isotope of oxygen is formed and a particle $ x $ is emitted. the given reaction equation is $ ^{14}_7n + ^4_2he \rightarrow ^{17}_8o + x $.

to identify the particle $ x $, we need to ensure that the atomic numbers (protons) and mass numbers (total of protons and neutrons) are conserved across the equation. on the left side of the equation, the total atomic number is $ 7 + 2 = 9 $ and the total mass number is $ 14 + 4 = 18 $. on the right side of the equation, the atomic number of oxygen-17 is 8. therefore, for the atomic numbers to balance, particle $ x $ must have an atomic number of $ 9 - 8 = 1 $. this indicates that $ x $ has one proton.

similarly, the mass number of oxygen-17 is 17. to balance the mass numbers, particle $ x $ must have a mass number of $ 18 - 17 = 1 $. this tells us that the particle $ x $ has only one constituent particle, which has no neutrons (since the mass number is equal to the number of protons in this case).

the only stable particle with an atomic number of 1 (one proton) and a mass number of 1 is a proton. therefore, particle $ x $ emitted in this nuclear reaction is a proton. thus, the conservation of both charge and mass in the reaction equation confirms that particle $ x $ is indeed a proton.