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ORELA Chemistry (306) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge

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ORELA Chemistry Sample Test

1 of 5

Which of these elements and compounds form +1 cations in ionic bonding?

I. Hydrogen

II. Any alkali

III. Nitrogen

IV. Copper

Correct Answer:

i, ii, and iv.

the correct answer to the question of which elements and compounds can form +1 cations in ionic bonding is i, ii, and iv – namely hydrogen, any alkali metal, and copper. this can be understood by examining the electron configurations and typical ion formation for each.

starting with hydrogen (i), it has one electron in its 1s orbital. when it loses this electron, it forms a +1 cation (h+). this is typical in reactions where hydrogen is involved in ionic bonding, such as when it reacts with halogens to form hydrogen halides like hcl.

next, any alkali metal (ii), which includes elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. these metals have a single electron in their outermost s-orbital. due to this single valence electron, alkali metals readily lose this electron to form +1 cations (e.g., li+, na+, k+), which is a characteristic behavior in ionic bonding.

for nitrogen (iii), the situation is different. nitrogen typically has five electrons in its outer shell (2s² 2p³) and tends to gain three electrons to complete its octet, forming a -3 anion (n³-) rather than a cation. therefore, it does not generally form a +1 cation in its typical ionic state.

copper (iv), although primarily known to form +2 cations (cu²+), can indeed also form +1 cations (cu+). copper is a transition metal and exhibits variable oxidation states, which can include the +1 oxidation state. this is less common than the +2 state but is still possible and observed in compounds like copper(i) oxide (cu₂o).

therefore, the correct elements and compounds that can form +1 cations in ionic bonding among the given choices are hydrogen, any alkali metal, and copper.