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ORELA Middle Grades General Science (204) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge

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ORELA Middle Grades General Science Sample Test

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Stellar parallax shift can be used to measure the distance between a star and the Earth. So when the parallax shift is larger, which of the following is occurring?

Correct Answer:

the closer the star is to earth.

stellar parallax is a method used by astronomers to measure the distances to stars. this technique is based on observing the apparent shift of a star's position against the background of more distant stars as earth orbits around the sun. this shift occurs because of the change in the observer's (earth's) position, giving us different viewing angles of the same star at different times of the year.

parallax is measured in terms of the angle formed at the star by lines from the earth at the extremes of its orbit around the sun. this angle is known as the parallax angle. the parallax shift refers to the apparent displacement of the star against the backdrop of distant stars due to this angle. the basic principle is that the smaller the distance to the star, the larger the parallax shift.

to understand why a larger parallax shift indicates a closer star, consider the geometry involved. when observing from two different points in earth’s orbit six months apart, a nearby star will appear to move significantly compared to the distant background stars. this movement is more pronounced when the star is closer because the baseline (the diameter of earth's orbit) is a larger fraction of the distance to the star. conversely, if the star is very distant, the parallax angle becomes so small it is almost undetectable, indicating the star is far from earth.

to calculate the distance to a star using parallax, astronomers apply trigonometry. the parallax angle, typically measured in arcseconds, helps determine the star's distance directly through the formula $ d = \frac{1}{p} $, where $ d $ is the distance to the star in parsecs and $ p $ is the parallax angle in arcseconds. therefore, a larger parallax angle results in a smaller value for $ d $, signifying that the star is closer to earth.

in summary, the greater the parallax shift observed for a star, the larger the parallax angle, and the closer the star is to earth. this relationship allows astronomers to map out distances to stars relatively near our solar system with a high degree of accuracy, aiding in our understanding of the scale and structure of the universe around us.