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ORELA General Science (002) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge

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ORELA General Science Sample Test

1 of 5

Which of the following is the high-energy molecule that results from the electron transport chain?

Correct Answer:

atp.

the correct answer to the question of which high-energy molecule results from the electron transport chain is atp, or adenosine triphosphate. atp is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell due to its role in storing and transporting chemical energy within cells.

the electron transport chain is a series of complexes located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. it functions as a biochemical pathway through which electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors like oxygen in redox reactions. these reactions release energy, which is then used to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.

the energy from this proton gradient is used by the enzyme atp synthase to synthesize atp from adp and inorganic phosphate. this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, which is the primary mechanism by which atp is generated in aerobic respiration.

oxygen plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor. it combines with electrons and protons to form water, a necessary reaction that allows the electron transport chain to continue functioning. without oxygen, the entire chain would back up, and no further atp would be produced.

while nadh and nadph are indeed high-energy molecules involved in cellular processes, they are not the direct products of the electron transport chain. instead, nadh is utilized in the electron transport chain to donate electrons, which are eventually passed to oxygen. nadph, similarly, is involved in other biochemical pathways like photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis, but not directly produced by the electron transport chain.

thus, atp is the correct answer as it is the high-energy molecule directly resulting from the activities of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.