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Praxis Speech-Language Pathology (5331) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge - Free Test


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Praxis Speech-Language Pathology - Free Test Sample Questions

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the differences between Broca’s aphasia (BA) and transcortical motor aphasia (TMA)?

Correct Answer:
repetition is good in tma, but poor in ba.


broca's aphasia (ba) and transcortical motor aphasia (tma) are both types of non-fluent aphasia, which primarily affect an individual's ability to produce coherent speech. however, they differ in several key aspects related to fluency, comprehension, repetition ability, and the location of the brain lesion.

in broca's aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia, patients typically exhibit non-fluent, labored, and telegraphic speech. this means their speech often lacks grammatical structures and is limited to short utterances of a few words, usually containing only nouns and verbs. individuals with ba understand spoken language relatively well and can comprehend what is being said to them, but they struggle significantly with speech production and writing. a key characteristic of ba is poor repetition ability; patients cannot easily repeat words or phrases spoken by others.

transcortical motor aphasia (tma), on the other hand, presents somewhat differently. while individuals with tma also experience difficulty with speech production, their spontaneous speech, unlike in ba, tends to be more fluent. this fluency is often deceptive because, although more words might be produced, the speech can still be somewhat non-functional and lack substantive content. one of the hallmark features of tma, distinguishing it significantly from ba, is the ability to repeat phrases and sentences. despite difficulties in initiating speech, patients with tma can often echo what is said to them quite well.

the differences in repetition abilities between ba and tma can be attributed to the areas of the brain that are affected in each type of aphasia. ba typically results from damage to broca’s area and adjacent regions, specifically in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. this area is crucial for speech production and writing.

in contrast, tma is usually due to lesions that spare broca's area itself but involve areas surrounding it, such as the supplementary motor area and the anterior cingulate cortex. these regions are important for initiating speech and other motor activities, but the preservation of broca’s area allows for retained repetition skills. this difference in lesion location explains why repetition is preserved in tma but impaired in ba.

in summary, while both ba and tma involve difficulties with speech production, they are distinguishable by their effects on fluency, comprehension, and particularly repetition. ba features non-fluent speech and poor repetition, whereas tma allows for relatively better fluency and good repetition abilities. understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored therapeutic approaches.

Which of the following waveform descriptions is most consistent with the electroglottographic measurement of falsetto register?

Correct Answer:
periodic, closely spaced peaks
to understand why the correct answer is "periodic, closely spaced peaks" for the description of an electroglottographic (egg) measurement of the falsetto register, it's important first to understand what an egg measures and the characteristics of falsetto singing.

an electroglottograph is a device used to measure the conductance across the larynx, which changes as the vocal folds contact each other during phonation. when the vocal folds come into contact, the conductance increases, and when they are apart, it decreases. the resulting waveform reflects these changes and is useful for analyzing vocal fold activity during different types of vocalization.

falsetto is a vocal register that occupies the frequency range just above the modal voice register and overlaps with the lower part of the whistle register. in the falsetto register, the vocal folds are elongated and tightened, and they vibrate along their edges, typically in a faster and more periodic manner than in modal voice. the tension reduces the mass of the vibrating section of the vocal folds and increases the frequency of vibration, leading to higher pitched sounds.

due to the high tension and rapid vibration of the vocal folds in falsetto, the egg waveform characteristic of this register shows a periodic pattern, indicating regular and consistent contact between the vocal folds. the peaks in the egg waveform, which represent points of maximal contact between the folds, are closely spaced because the folds vibrate quickly and at a consistent rate. this results in a waveform with a high frequency and short period between peaks.

the option "periodic, closely spaced peaks" best describes this scenario. the periodicity of the waveform indicates the regular pattern of vocal fold contact, essential for producing the clear, steady pitch typical of falsetto singing. the closely spaced nature of the peaks corresponds to the high frequency of vibration of the vocal folds.

in contrast, other descriptions like "aperiodic, multiple peaks" or "periodic, widely spaced peaks" would suggest irregular vocal fold contact or lower frequency vibrations, which are not characteristic of falsetto. "periodic, multiple peaks per cycle" might imply an unusual vibratory pattern not typical of normal phonation. therefore, these options do not accurately describe the egg waveform expected in falsetto. hence, the correct answer remains "periodic, closely spaced peaks," reflecting the fast, regular oscillations of tightly tensed vocal folds in the falsetto register.