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Correct Answer: backed up with reason and evidence
in the context of critical thinking and debate, an argument is fundamentally different from a mere disagreement. while a disagreement involves differing opinions or perspectives, an argument is structured and requires justification. in a disagreement, individuals might merely express their views without any foundational support. for instance, one might assert a preference or belief simply because it aligns with their personal experiences or biases. this type of exchange does not necessitate backing up claims with substantial evidence or reasoning.
on the other hand, an argument is a more rigorous form of discourse where each claim made must be supported by reason and evidence. this is crucial because an argument aims not just to present a viewpoint but to persuade others of its validity. in an argument, when someone makes a claim, it becomes their responsibility to provide evidence that substantiates this claim. this evidence can include data, statistics, examples from reputable sources, logical reasoning, and testimonials that directly support the point being argued.
therefore, simply stating a claim does not constitute an argument. a claim becomes part of an argument when it is backed by reasons and evidence that are logically connected to it. this process transforms subjective opinions into arguments that are defensible in an objective or semi-objective manner. for instance, if someone claims that "climate change is a critical issue," they need to support this with scientific data on rising global temperatures, changes in weather patterns, and the correlation between human activities and environmental impact.
in summary, an argument is distinguished from a mere disagreement by the depth and quality of the reasoning provided. an effective argument does not merely assert; it demonstrates and proves. this is done through a careful presentation of facts, logical analysis, and coherent reasoning, ensuring that the claim is not only stated but also convincingly supported. thus, in an argument, a claim is not just mentioned; it is substantiated, making the discourse both informative and persuasive.
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