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Correct Answer: persuasive style of parenting, also know as the negotiation style, in which parents negotiate rules and responses, chores, etc.
the question pertains to the identification of a parenting style that is not among the four major types as identified by diana baumrind in the 1960s. baumrind’s research is seminal in the study of parenting and its effects on child development. her studies outlined four primary parenting styles, each with distinctive characteristics and associated child outcomes. these styles are: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful.
the **authoritarian** parenting style is characterized by high demands, strict rules, and often a lack of responsiveness to the child’s emotional needs. parents who employ this style expect obedience without explanation and are typically not open to negotiation. the focus is more on discipline and adherence to rules rather than nurturing.
the **authoritative** parenting style, while also structured and rule-based, is more balanced with warmth and responsiveness. parents who use this style set clear expectations and enforce rules but also encourage independence and are responsive to their children’s needs. this style is considered optimal by many child development experts, as it balances discipline with support and love.
the **permissive** style, also known as indulgent parenting, features a low demand with high responsiveness. parents in this category tend to be very loving and lenient, often avoiding confrontation and allowing considerable self-regulation. they provide few guidelines and rules, which can lead to issues with authority and discipline in children.
the **neglectful** parenting style, also known as uninvolved parenting, is marked by a lack of responsiveness to a child’s needs and a general lack of involvement in their life. this can have severe impacts on a child’s development, leading to feelings of neglect and behavioral issues.
contrary to these four styles, the **persuasive** style of parenting, described in the question as involving negotiation of rules and chores with children, is not recognized as a distinct major parenting style. instead, negotiation is often considered a technique that can be used within any of the major parenting styles. it involves communication and compromise which are aspects that can be present particularly in authoritative parenting but are not exclusive to it.
therefore, the answer to the question is the "persuasive" style of parenting. this style is not identified as one of the major types in baumrind’s framework. baumrind’s model primarily focuses on varying levels of demandingness and responsiveness in parents, which shape the environment and influences the child’s development. the persuasive style, while potentially a part of broader parenting strategies, does not stand alone as a distinct category according to the recognized major types.
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