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TExES English Lang Arts and Reading 4-8 (217) (217) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge - Free Test


Our free TExES English Language Arts and Reading 4-8 (217) (217) Practice Test was created by experienced educators who designed them to align with the official Texas Educator Certification Program content guidelines. They were built to accurately mirror the real exam's structure, coverage of topics, difficulty, and types of questions.

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TExES English Language Arts and Reading 4-8 (217) - Free Test Sample Questions

"It began to rain shortly after the explosion, so the explosion must have caused the rain." What logical fallacy does this statement exemplify?

Correct Answer:
post hoc ergo propter hoc
the statement "it began to rain shortly after the explosion, so the explosion must have caused the rain" exemplifies the logical fallacy known as "post hoc ergo propter hoc."

the term "post hoc ergo propter hoc" is latin for "after this, therefore because of this." this fallacy occurs when it is assumed that because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second event. however, this reasoning is flawed because it does not take into account other factors that could be the actual cause of the second event.

in this specific case, the reasoning is that since the rain started occurring after the explosion, the explosion must have caused the rain. this conclusion jumps to a causal connection solely based on the sequence of events, without any evidence that the explosion could influence weather patterns or precipitation. it ignores other meteorological factors that could have led to the rainfall.

the fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc is a common mistake in reasoning because it is often easy to confuse correlation (events occurring in sequence) with causation (one event causing another event). to avoid this fallacy, it is important to look for actual evidence of a causal link and to consider other possible explanations for why an event occurred after another.