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Correct Answer: a growing belief in the monarchy.
the question asks which option was not associated with the social or intellectual shifts during the american revolution. growing belief in the monarchy.
to understand why this is the correct answer, it's crucial to consider the context and outcomes of the american revolution. the american revolution (1775-1783) marked a significant turning point in the history of the united states, fundamentally altering the political, social, and ideological landscape of the nation. one of the central tenets of the revolution was the rejection of the monarchical system embodied by king george iii and the british parliament, which had exerted control over the thirteen american colonies.
instead of endorsing the monarchy, the revolution was characterized by a profound shift towards democratic ideals and the establishment of a republic. this was influenced by enlightenment philosophies advocating for liberty, equality, and democracy. thinkers such as john locke and jean-jacques rousseau promoted ideas about governance that emphasized the social contract—a mutual agreement among individuals to form societies and governments that respect the rights and freedoms of individuals.
the embrace of republicanism during the american revolution also underscored a commitment to civic virtue and the public good. republicanism as a philosophy stressed that the stability and success of the government depended on the virtue and morality of its citizens. this concept encouraged active participation in public life and a focus on community welfare over individual gains.
furthermore, the move towards democracy was marked by efforts to create a system of government that allowed greater participation of the ordinary citizen in the political process, contrasting sharply with a monarchic system where power is typically concentrated in a single ruler or a small elite. the new american political structure, which included the drafting of the constitution and the establishment of a system of checks and balances, was indicative of this democratic shift.
in summary, the american revolution was fundamentally about moving away from monarchical rule and towards a system of governance that emphasized democracy, republicanism, and the principles of liberalism and the social contract. thus, any notion of a "growing belief in the monarchy" directly contradicts the ideological and practical outcomes of the revolution. hence, it is clear why this option is not one of the shifts associated with the american revolution, making it the correct answer to the question.
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