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WEST-E Middle Level Science (013) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge


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WEST-E Middle Level Science Sample Test

1 of 5

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles that propels food through the digestive tract.  All of the following organs are involved in the process of peristalsis EXCEPT:

Correct Answer:
gallbladder
peristalsis refers to the involuntary and rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle tissue that occur in various tubular structures of the body, primarily those within the digestive system. this process is essential in moving the contents of the digestive tract forward, facilitating the digestion and absorption of food. the smooth muscles contract and relax in a coordinated sequence, which generates wave-like movements that propel food particles and waste products along the length of the digestive tract.

the organs of the digestive system where peristalsis is prominently active include the esophagus, the small intestine, and the large intestine: - **esophagus**: this muscular tube connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. when food is swallowed, peristaltic waves move the food down the esophagus to the stomach, facilitated by the sequential contraction and relaxation of muscle layers. - **small intestine**: after the stomach churns and mixes the food with digestive juices, the resultant semi-liquid substance, called chyme, enters the small intestine. here, peristalsis continues to push the chyme along, allowing nutrients to be absorbed through the intestinal walls. - **large intestine**: the remnants of digested food, now mostly waste and water, enter the large intestine where peristalsis helps to compact the waste into solid form (feces) and gradually moves it toward the rectum for excretion.

in contrast, the gallbladder, which is located beneath the liver, does not participate in peristalsis. its primary function is quite different; it serves as a storage vessel for bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine in response to signals indicating the presence of fats in the chyme. this release is not driven by peristaltic motion but rather by the contraction of the gallbladder's muscular walls in response to specific hormonal and neural signals.

thus, among the options given—esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, and gallbladder—the gallbladder is the correct answer as it does not involve peristalsis in its function. instead, its role focuses on the storage and regulated release of bile to aid in the digestive process, particularly in the emulsification and absorption of fats.
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