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Correct Answer: japanese.
the japanese culture, particularly during the time of the samurai, highly valued the characteristics of cunning, endurance, physical strength, and courage.
the samurai were the warrior class in feudal japan, and their way of life was governed by bushido, which is often referred to as "the way of the warrior." this unique code of conduct emphasized several virtues that a samurai was expected to uphold in order to live honorably and serve their lord effectively.
cunning in the context of samurai culture was not merely about being deceitful but rather about being strategically astute. it involved wisdom and intelligence in planning, recognizing the best course of action in warfare or diplomacy, and often outsmarting the opponent. this characteristic was crucial for leaders and strategists, helping them to make informed and tactical decisions that could mean the difference between victory and defeat.
endurance was another key trait, both on a physical and mental level. samurai were expected to endure hardships without complaint. this included rigorous training, battles, and the discipline of daily life. the ability to persevere in the face of adversity was a highly regarded quality, reflecting strength of character and dedication to one's duty.
physical strength was essential not just for battle but as a demonstration of a samurai's discipline and commitment to self-improvement. training in martial arts was a fundamental aspect of a samurai's life, not only for practical purposes but also as a form of spiritual discipline.
courage was perhaps the most glorified virtue within the samurai ethos. it was not simply about bravery in battle but also the courage to make difficult decisions, to stand by one's principles, and to face death with equanimity. the ideal samurai was one who could confront his fears and perform his duties without hesitation, even if it meant sacrificing his own life for the sake of honor.
thus, in japanese culture, particularly under the influence of the samurai ethos, cunning, endurance, physical strength, and courage were not merely desirable traits but essential components of one's character and societal role. these characteristics were cultivated and celebrated, deeply influencing japanese culture and history.
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